The Old State House was built in 1713. This was the seat of colonial government in Massachusetts. In 1761, in the chambers on the second floor, the lawyer James Otis appeared before the Superior Court. For eight hours, he spoke against the Writs of Assistance issued by that court. Although he lost the case, his argument sparked the flames of discontent that eventually led to war.

In front of the building sits the site of the famous Boston Massacre.